A Few Thoughts on Faith and Historical Criticism

Recently, I wrote an article for Logia’s blog entitled, “How Historical Criticism Challenged My Faith . . . Then Strengthened It.” Commonly, when graduate students from evangelical backgrounds continue their studies in theology and the Bible, they encounter truths they didn’t know before, facts that can be unsettling at first. In the article, I share my own journey (as much as one can in a short blog post). If you or anyone you know has felt disoriented or disillusioned when your long-held presuppositions about the Bible are challenged, you might find this article helpful. Here’s an excerpt:

“I began to ask new questions, including what does the world behind the text mean for me as a Christian? At my previous seminary, I was told it didn’t matter because, ultimately, the biblical authors provide their interpretation of history. They selectively reported on events to advance a particular inspired message from God. Other historical facts, then, were superfluous for the spiritual life. And yet, as I studied the world behind the text, I realized it, too, had something truthful to say. Sometimes that truth conflicted with ways I had been taught to read Scripture.

The tension between historical criticism and theological interpretation challenged my faith. In retrospect, that tension was reflected in Prof. G’s response to me. He was an evangelical desiring to be seen as a legitimate scholar within the guild at large. That required him to care about mainstream methodologies. Yet, he hadn’t reconciled the two in his heart. Some part of him believed he needed to suppress religious passion to be a reputable scholar. While my seminary responded to the mainstream guild by ignoring it, Prof. G craved its validation. Neither approach seemed right to me.”

Read the rest at Logia. Logia is an initiative in partnership with The Logos Institute at St. Andrew’s University in Scotland. The program and blog site are currently under the oversight of Executive Director, Christa McKirland, who is based out of Carey Baptist College in New Zealand. The initiative was founded in 2017 to address barriers that women face in higher education and theological leadership. The program is “designed a) to highlight the excellence of women already active in leadership in the academy and the church; and b) to develop the excellence of women training for such roles.”

Movie Review: Noah by Darren Aronofsky & Ari Handel

Have you seen the movie Noah starring Russell Crowe and Jennifer Connelly? Given my interest in Old Testament reception history, I could not pass it up. How would two modern Jewish men interpret this flood story? The Genesis account itself is a product of unique Israelite interpretation of a common ancient Near Eastern narrative. The story appeared in ancient texts long before Genesis was written. But, the biblical authors offer their own theological perspective on the event.

Similarly, the flood has been the subject of midrash (Jewish interpretation of the biblical text) throughout history. Ancient Jewish writers sought to fill in narrative gaps in Genesis with commentaries like I Enoch and Jubilees. In fact, from these ancient Jewish texts, the movie draws content about the Watchers and Noah’s visit to Methuselah—narrative details not found in most biblical canons. Those Transformer-looking rock creatures in the film might seem like fantasy fiction made up on the fly, but their role did not come out of thin air! They are the fallen angels of lore—albeit their appearance a bit embellished.  

Review: The Bible Made Impossible by Christian Smith

I recently read Christian Smith’s book The Bible Made Impossible: Why Biblicism Is Not a Truly Evangelical Reading of Scripture (2012) published by Brazos Press. It critiques a form of biblical interpretation that too often treats the Bible in a wooden and rule book fashion, thereby diminishing the richness of Scripture. Having grown up in fundamentalism, I understand the problem he is describing. At the same time, I often felt he did not capture important nuances by choosing to critique the most fundamentalist version of evangelical Scripturreading.

What is Biblicism?

Smith defines biblicism as “a theory about the Bible that emphasizes together its exclusive authority, infallibility, perspicuity, self-sufficiency, internal consistency, self-evident meaning, and universal applicability” (viii). He lists ten assumptions of biblicism:

FREE 10-Week Book Discussion on the Origins and Interpretation of the Bible

All you need for this FREE 10-week book discussion is yourself, the book, and a good cup of tea!

What: Intimate conversation with the author, Karen Keen, on her latest book The Word of a Humble God: The Origins, Inspiration, and Interpretation of Scripture. No lecture. Just one hour of engaging discussion. How did we get the Bible? How do we make sense of Scripture as inspired when it has violence and other difficult texts? Does the Bible still have value today? How should we best interpret it now? This topic is truly near and dear to my heart. I believe this book can have a significant impact on your faith life. Share your thoughts and ask your questions. We will contemplate the material origins of the Bible, theories of inspiration, and how Scripture has been interpreted throughout Christian tradition.

When: Tuesday evenings, September 5th through Nov 14th (no meeting on October 31st)

Time: 8:30-9:30pm EASTERN TIME (5:30-6:30 Pacific / 7:30-8:30pm Central)

REQUIRED: Participants are required to read the weekly assigned chapters of The Word of a Humble God: The Origins, Inspiration, and Interpretation of Scripture. At the end of each chapter are helpful learning activities, which participants will complete to foster optimal discussion and engagement. The book can be purchased here or at any major book outlet.

Register by September 4th by filling out the form below. Karen looks forward to connecting with you!

“Karen Keen’s The Word of a Humble God: The Origins, Inspiration, and Interpretation of Scripture is perhaps the best comprehensive and accessible introduction to the Bible available today” – Dr. Michael Graves, Wheaton College

Class on the Bible and Same-Sex Relationships: Register by Sept 1st

Picture of a couple holding hands and drinking coffee
Are you a ministry leader helping your congregation navigate the question of same-sex relationships? Do you have a loved one who is gay? Maybe you have questions about your own sexuality in relation to faith? Karen R. Keen will be teaching her 10-week LIVE online course starting September 5, 2023. Register for “The Bible, Church, and Same-Sex Relationships” here! This is the ninth time in a row Karen will have offered the class. Participants have included pastors, Christian leader, parents, and LGBTQ folk. The course does far more than look at the handful of Scriptural passages on same-sex relations; it gets at the question of how we formulate ethics in the first place. Participants from a variety of theological viewpoints are welcome. The focus of the course is not debate, but rather serious inquiry and reflection together. Sexuality is one of the most important topics facing the church today. This is a chance to ask the questions you’ve been wanting to explore. Among other things we will cover:
  • ancient Israelite and early Christian views on sex.
  • biblical passages on same-sex relations in light of reception history.
  • causes of same-sex attraction.
  • biblical and contemporary understandings of marriage.
  • ancient and current Christian perspectives on the meaning of sex difference.
  • methods of biblical interpretation, particularly for formulating ethics.
  • how to construct a framework for Christian ethics

REGISTER HERE!

Review: The Bible Tells Me So by Peter Enns

Book link to Peter Enns's book The Bible Tells Me So

How do we make sense of difficult passages in the Bible? What about the violence or apparent contradictions? Peter Enns addresses these concerns in his book The Bible Tells Me So: Why Defending Scripture Has Made Us Unable to Read It. Enns is concerned that instead of honest engagement with Scripture some Christian thinkers make unreasonable attempts to cover up or explain away the challenges. He specifically sees this occurring among those who treat the Bible like a rule book of fixed, timeless truths. Instead of a rule book, Enns suggests we read Scripture in the genre of storytelling, with inspired examples of how God-fearers of the past have wrestled with their faith.

To be clear, Enns affirms the value of Scripture—we know God better by reading it—but he believes we have erroneous expectations of it. He wants to help his readers understand the nature of Scripture and, therefore, how to correctly read and apply it. Instead of diminishing reverence for the Bible, Enns seeks to affirm it by accepting it for what it really is: an inspired but messy text.

Before I provide my own reflection on the book, here are the stats. The book is divided into seven chapters that each have multiple, short readable essays. He centers his thesis on three primary realizations that challenged him to re-think the nature of Scripture. The Bible depicts:

Three Reviews: Ethics and Old Testament Violence

Numerous books have been published in recent years addressing challenging passages in the Old Testament. Many of them have focused on the Israelite conquest of Canaan, while others discuss a palette of “problems.” In this post I review three books that engage these challenges. I especially consider how they handle violence in the Old Testament.

Book 1: Paul Copan and Matthew Flannagan, Did God Really Command Genocide? Coming to Terms with the Justice of God (BakerBooks, 2014)

Book link to Did God Really Command Genocide

Did God really command the Israelites to slaughter the Canaanites? That is the moral dilemma that Copan and Flannagan take up. These scholars offer an apologetic response to philosophers and New Atheists who dismiss the Old Testament as barbaric. But, does their apologetic meet the task? Yes and No.

The book has four parts:

  • Genocide Texts and the Problem of Scriptural Authority
  • Occasional Commands, Hyperbolic Texts, and Genocidal Massacres
  • Is It Always Wrong to Kill Innocent People?
  • Religion and Violence

The book is largely a summary of the apologetic arguments espoused by William Lane Craig and Nicholas Wolterstorff with atheist philosopher, Wes Morriston, serving as one of their primary opponents. In this regard, the book serves as “Cliff Notes” to broader conversations happening on the topic. The authors begin by asserting that the words of Scripture are not the result of mechanical dictation. In other words, they acknowledge the human side of Scripture; God does not always affirm what the human author affirms, such as psalms of vengeance (28). That is, we must consider whether or not what the human author wrote is what God wants to say to us today through Scripture. God might want to appropriate the words of Scripture for an intention different than the original authors. The original meaning might have been important only for the Israelites’ time and place, and now we have to draw a general principle from the text. At the same time, Copan and Flannagan reject the dichotomy between the Old and New Testament God (war God vs. loving God), as well as Seibert’s distinction between the “textual” God (how the Israelites imagined God to be) and the “real” God (who is not always like the Israelites portrayed God to be; 39-44).

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